Toxicity of clothianidin to common Eastern North American fireflies.

Pyralis exposed to 1,000 ng g −1 clothianidin showed marginally non-significant reduced survivorship ( P = 0.07) while Pn. pyralis exposed to 10,000 ng g −1 clothianidin showed significantly reduced survivorship ( P < 0.0001) compared to controls ( Fig. 5C ).

also in 1,493 other papers

Conclusions As larvae of the two firefly species that we studied appear to be somewhat tolerant to clothianidin-treated soil, neonicotinoids alone may not be significant direct factors in firefly declines in North America, at least for common species.

also in 2,774 other papers