highly significantp ≤ 0.001
A 10 μg/m 3 increase in PM decreased RMSSD by 98% (95% CI: − 1.62, − 0.33), 64% (95% CI: − 1.28, − 0.01), 62% (95% CI: − 0.94,-0.29) and 59% (95% CI: − 0.96, 0.21) among e-waste collectors, sorters, dismantlers and burners respectively and these associations were highly significant ( p ≤ 0.001; p ≤ 0.001; p = 0.05; p ≤ 0.001).