highly significantp ≤ 0.01
Statistical differences are designated as significant if the p -values are less than 0.05 (* p ≤ 0.05), and highly significant if the p -values are less than 0.01 (** p ≤ 0.01), less than 0.001 (*** p ≤ 0.001), or less than 0.0001 (**** p < 0.0001). 3.