Age-related changes in eggshell physical properties, ultrastructure, calcium metabolism-related serum indices, and gene expression in eggshell gland during eggshell formation in commercial laying ducks.

As reported, there was a highly significant positive correlation between the breaking force and either eggshell toughness or shell thickness, and regression analyses suggested that eggshell toughness was the best predictor for breaking force, followed by shell thickness ( Fathi et al., 2019 ).

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