40 In EPIC‐InterAct, heme iron intake showed also interaction with the SLC40A1 rs744653 variant in men and with borderline significance ( P = .046) for the TMPRSS6 variant rs855791 in the total sample. 40 In NHS and HPFS, rs855791 showed no interaction. 39 For zinc intake, DPP reported an interaction with the SLC30A8 (zinc transporter) variants rs16889462, 8_118252314, and 8_118252435, but without a clear trend for an association
33 Olive oil showed a marginally nonsignificant interaction ( P = .05) with the GIPR variant rs10423928 in EPIC‐InterAct. 24 The association of dairy products with T2D incidence may be modified by the genetic variant rs4988235 near the lactase persistence LCT gene. 31 In a large Danish study, carriers with the lactase persistence LCT rs4988235
33 In PREDIMED, 53 a borderline significant interaction ( P = .052) between the CLOCK variant rs4580704 and the Mediterranean diet was observed indicating lower T2D incidence among persons with the rs4580704 G‐allele compared with persons with the CC‐genotype. 53 In EPIC‐InterAct, a Mediterranean‐diet score showed no interaction with a T2D‐GRS. 46 3.6.7 Findings for G × PA interactions on T2D incidence Several findings indicate that the protective effect of PA on T2D risk is modified by genetic variants (Tables 3 and S7 ).
Contrary, persons with the rs7903146 risk T‐allele showed a slight trend for increased T2D risk with increasing cereal fiber intake in SDPP 20 and with increasing fiber intake in MDCS. 21 , 22 An interaction of whole grain with TCF7L2 rs7903146 was also reported by SDPP 20 and EPIC‐Potsdam. 19 In line with the fiber findings, higher whole‐grain intake was in both studies 19 , 20 associated with lower T2D incidence among persons with the rs7903146 CC‐genotype, but not among persons with the risk T‐allele.