borderline significantP = 0.10
While confirming nephroprotection by SGLT-2 inhibitors with a pooled reduced risk of renal outcome by 35%, the present meta-analysis including ten CVOTs reporting the renal outcome seems to question the class effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors for the following reasons: (1) the reduced risk of renal outcome is not significant in every CVOTs; (2) apart from canagliflozin, all other inhibitors (dapagliflozin, ertugliflozin, sotagliflozin and empagliflozin) fail to produce a significant nephroprotection in at least one CVOT; (3) there is moderate and borderline significant heterogeneity (I 2 = 35%, P = 0.10) in the present meta-analysis, probably as a consequence of the different criteria used to define the kidney outcome; and (4) the worst results, in terms of wideness of confidence intervals, are observed in patients with HF, independent of the presence of T2D.