A general serial dependence among various facial traits: Evidence from Markov Chain and derivative of Gaussian.

The results suggested that serial dependence (SD) occurs at all of the seven facial traits, including attractiveness ( a = 0.15, p < 0.01), confidence ( a = 0.16, p < 0.01), dominance ( a = 0.15, p < 0.05), intelligence ( a = 0.16, p < 0.01), age ( a = 0.16, p < 0.01); and marginally significant at trustworthiness ( a = 0.12, p = 0.090), as well as aggressiveness ( a = 0.14, p = 0.075).

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