Medical phenome of musicians: an investigation of health records collected on 9803 musically active individuals.

The associations with voice disturbance (string instrument players: OR = 1.44 (95% CI = 1.36–1.52), P = 4.6 × 10 −19 ; and keyboard players: OR = 1.58 (95% CI = 1.50–1.65, P = 2.9 × 10 −31 )) and other vocal cord‐related phenotypes (e.g., diseases of the larynx and the vocal cords) remained highly significant (string instrument players: OR = 1.42 (95% CI = 1.34–1.49), P = 9.9 × 10 −20 ; and keyboard players: OR = 1.54 (95% CI = 1.47–1.61), P = 3.2 × 10 −31 )), indicating that there are likely more individuals in the dataset who are vocalists but for whom this is not noted in their chart.

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