As the increases in estimates noted for township-level divisions in NHAR (2005–2018) are minimal (0.2 ppb annual average increase) and within the prediction error of the model (RMSE: 6.5 ppb) and historical validation (2014–2015) (RMSE: 4.9 ppb), there was no clear evidence of an increasing trend. 4.2.
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Development and Validation of a Sub-National, Satellite-Based Land-Use Regression Model for Annual Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations in North-Western China.
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The sentences
Overall, a slightly increasing trend in estimated population-weighted annual average concentrations was observed. 4.