highly significantP <0.0001
Results Soil biological characteristics The analysis of variance using a GLMM showed highly significant differences (P <0.0001) for the abundance of macroinvertebrate orders between distance to the crown of the tree (below or outside) (29.26 ± 2.22 and 22.66 ± 1.77 below and outside of crown, respectively, Fig 1 ).