Spatial-Temporal Responses of Ecosystem Services to Land Use Transformation Driven by Rapid Urbanization: A Case Study of Hubei Province, China.

Int J Environ Res Public Health · 2021 · PMC8750510 · PMID 35010438

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

As a large amount of cropland and forest land were occupied by the built-up land expansion, the ecosystem services value of cropland and forest land showed a decreasing trend during the study period, in which the loss of forest land was the largest (USD 1.00 billion), and the loss of cropland was the largest (2.96%).

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an overall trendno p-value reported

During the study period, the value of ecosystem services in Hubei province increased from USD 118.08 billion in 1995 to USD 119.93 billion in 2015, showing an overall trend of growth.

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

Overall, the total value of ESV in Hubei province increased by USD 1.84 billion in 20 years, and the total ESV showed an increasing trend from 1995 to 2010.

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a positive trendno p-value reported

The results showed that the provision of ecosystem services in Hubei province showed a positive trend from 1995 to 2010, and the ecology in the eastern region was recovering.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.