Martinez & Joe Alper, Investing in Interventions That Address Non-Medical , Health,-Related Social Needs , National Academies of Sciences , Engineering , Medicine (2019), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549452/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK549452.pdfl (noting there are fairly significant economic impediments in addressing social determinants); see also Kim-Lien Nguyen, HIPAA: At what cost? , Medical Economics (Sept. 9, 2019), https://www.medicaleconomics.com/view/hipaa-what-cost (noting the estimated costs of HIPAA compliance are estimated to be about $8.3 billion a year). 307 The entities covered by the HIPAA legislation had to spend their own funds to realize savings from standardization down the road.
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Politics Finally, there is likely to be significant political push back about mandate-driven efforts to address health inequity, in particular from conservative and libertarian groups committed to the use of market principles.