Opportunistic experiments to constrain aerosol effective radiative forcing.

Coincident with this is a decreasing trend in cloud fraction in the same region ( Xia, 2010 ; Norris et al., 2016 ), which may hint at a reduction in cloudiness with increasing N d and decreased surface incoming solar radiation, although the trend could also be due to other drivers.

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This implies that, to the extent that we can trust the model, for the same forcing a wide range of trends is equally plausible due to natural variability and that it would therefore be difficult to attribute an observed trend to a forcing (e.g., the aerosol forcing).

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