The effects of sulfated secondary bile acids on intestinal barrier function and immune response in an inflammatory <i>in vitro</i> human intestinal model.

Compared to the control with activated DCs, the expression of MUC2 seemed to increase after exposure to 100 μM DCA and 10 μM LCA, which was borderline significant ( p = 0.06 and p = 0.08), respectively ( Figure 4 A).

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Indeed, direct exposure to secondary BAs caused a decreasing trend in cytokine production, but this effect was less visible after exposure to sulfated secondary BAs.

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Interestingly, protein levels of OCLN and ZO1 were not affected by BA exposure, whereas expression of OCLN , ZO1 , CDH1 and CLDN1 followed an increasing trend after exposure to most BAs, although these differences were not significant ( Figure 2 C-H).

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