Interaction with the future self in virtual reality reduces self-defeating behavior in a sample of convicted offenders.

A similar scatterplot inspection of the positive association between change in vividness and change in self-defeating behavior revealed that the datapoints were more spread out and that there was a clearer linear trend in the data (footnote: Non-parametric analyses using Wilcoxon signed ranks testing revealed that the change over time in vividness [ z = − 2.70, p = 0.004 (one-tailed)] was significant and the change over time in self-defeating behavior [ z = − 1.62, p = 0.052 (one-tailed)] was marginally significant, suggesting that these findings were not the result of extreme values.).

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