Prenatal exposure to metal mixtures and newborn neurobehavior in the Rhode Island Child Health Study.

In particular, Cd levels in RICHS would be amongst some of the lowest reported of ranges around the world (average: 4 ng/g), although it should be noted that the studies reported were from 1977 to 2011, and exhibit a decreasing trend over time. 36 While the mean (4.56 ng/g) and interquartile range (IQR = 2.80–5.38 ng/g) of placental Cd measured in our study was relatively similar to that measured in the INMA Project (mean: 4.45 ng/g; IQR = 2.79–6.49 ng/g), RICHS Mn levels demonstrated a higher mean of 95.37 ng/g (SD = ±30.08) a

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