Low doses of the organic insecticide spinosad trigger lysosomal defects, elevated ROS, lipid dysregulation, and neurodegeneration in flies.

In addition, we observed a highly significant reduction of CL levels ( Figure 6C ) typically associated with defects in the electron transport chain and increased ROS production as they are required for the anchoring of Complex 1 in mitochondria ( Dudek, 2017 ; Quintana et al., 2010 ) Increased levels of ROS in the larval brain have been shown to disturb mitochondrial function triggering changes in lipid stores in metabolic tissues ( Martelli et al., 2020 ).

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