highly significantP >0.05
The measurement results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation; P <0.05 indicates a significant difference, P <0.01 indicates a highly significant difference, and P >0.05 indicates that the difference is not significant. 3 Results 3.1 Effects of Pathogenic E. coli O1 on the Clinical Symptoms and Histomorphology of Newborn Calves The scoring results are shown in Figure S1 .