A phase 1/2 trial of an immune-modulatory vaccine against IDO/PD-L1 in combination with nivolumab in metastatic melanoma.

However, the detection of a highly significant increase in vaccine-specific T cell numbers after vaccination in almost all patients together with the very low number of patients with PD makes it difficult to expect such a correlation, especially because other aspects should be taken into account (for example, the loss of class I expression on tumors cells in patient MM02 with PD after vaccination).

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