Single Application of Low-Dose, Hydroxyapatite-Bound BMP-2 or GDF-5 Induces Long-Term Bone Formation and Biomechanical Stabilization of a Bone Defect in a Senile Sheep Lumbar Osteopenia Model.

A highly significant influence of the main effect group (i.e., therapy with HA or HA/BMPs) with a large or medium effect size on most of the density and histological parameters (9/10 and 8/10 parameters for BMP-2 and GDF-5, respectively; Table 2 and Table S2 ) clearly indicated efficacious induction of bone formation by therapy with the carrier HA and/or HA coated with either BMP-2 or GDF-5.

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