High-cited favorable studies for COVID-19 treatments ineffective in large trials.

Of the seven articles that exceeded 1,000 citations, five had favorable conclusions and two were equivocal (one described a significant benefit in a modified intention-to-treat analysis and the other mentioned a nonsignificant trend for clinical improvement). 3.3 Correlates of favorable conclusions The highly cited articles with favorable conclusions were far less likely to be RCTs than the other highly cited articles (3/20 vs. 15/20, exact P = 0.0003).

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