Alcohol consumption and closed borders - how COVID-19 restrictions have impacted alcohol sales and consumption in Europe.

BMC Public Health · 2022 · PMC8993209 · PMID 35395783

Europe PMC DOI

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

H2: RAC will show an increasing trend from the pandemic in cross-border inflow countries compared to H1 countries.

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

Operationalising the hypothesis and taking into account the effect on RAC of changes to cross-border purchases, this paper predicts the pandemic to have the following effect on RAC: H1 : RAC will show a decreasing trend from the pandemic in countries with low levels, or net low levels, of cross-border purchases of alcohol.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.