Averaged over all subjects, there was a highly significant difference in axial length change after reading text with inverted contrast or watching movies with positive defocus (–10.2 ± 9.5 μm vs. 8.9 ± 9.6 μm, respectively; P < 0.001) ( Fig. 3 ).
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Transient Eye Shortening During Reading Text With Inverted Contrast: Effects of Refractive Error and Letter Size.
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