Understanding differences in Er³⁺-Yb³⁺ codoped glass and glass ceramic based on upconversion luminescence for optical thermometry.

Introduction Life is closely linked with the temperature, whether it is macroscopic ambient temperature or microscopic life activities, temperature monitoring is extremely significant in many applications. 1–5 Recently, a new non-contact temperature sensor, optical thermometry, has attracted growing interest due to possessing superior properties such as high sensitivity, rapid response time and immunity to harsh environment when compared to traditional contact thermometers. 6–8 The temperature-sensitive optical techniques based on fluorescence lifetime and fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) are two main mechanisms, relevant investigations concentrate on transition metal (TM) 9–11 ions and rare earth (RE) 12–15 ones.

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