Climate Anomalies and Spillover of Bat-Borne Viral Diseases in the Asia-Pacific Region and the Arabian Peninsula.

However, a non-random statistical and highly significant relationship between an outbreak event of NiV in Bangladesh and events of El Niño/La Niña using a lag of 3 months was observed, with a significant precursor coincidence rate (0.73, p = 0.003) and the non-significant value of a trigger coincidence rate (0.10, p = 0.09), suggesting a global lag effect of an ENSO event, whatever its phase (El Niño or La Niña) ( Figure 5 B).

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Moreover, an increasing trend in the global land surface temperature anomalies was observed from 1990 to 2020 ( Figure S1 ).

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