highly significantp < 0.001
Highly significant ( p < 0.001) and positive associations were observed among agronomic attributes, N uptake, NUE, and crop water productivity of upland rice in correlation assessment.
Highly significant ( p < 0.001) and positive associations were observed among agronomic attributes, N uptake, NUE, and crop water productivity of upland rice in correlation assessment.
Crop water productivity also indicated an increasing trend with N fertilization, and it was positively associated with plant N uptake and grain yield.
NUE has also indicated a decreasing trend with an increase in N fertilization rates (Barbieri et al., 2008 ) due to high levels of N in the soil, and NUE in rice production systems has decreased (Santiago-Arenas et al., 2021 ).