Life-History Traits from Embryonic Development to Reproduction in the American Cockroach.

However, the statistical results for the body weight, length and width of the 14 nymphal instars showed that not all adjacent instar pairs had extremely significant differences ( p < 0.001) in these three indicators ( Figure 5 ; Table S2 ), such as between N4 and N5, N5 and N6, N9 and N10, N11 and N12, N12 and N13, N13 and N14, and even N11 and N13.

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The average numbers of hatched nymphs from oothecae produced by solitary unmated females and group-housed unmated females were 6 (M + SD = 6.43 ± 3.11) and 9 (M + SD = 9.15 ± 3.13), respectively; there was a highly significant difference between group rearing and solitary rearing ( p = 2.06847 × 10 −7 < 0.001). 4.

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