Global burden of musculoskeletal disorders and attributable factors in 204 countries and territories: a secondary analysis of the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study.

BMJ Open · 2022 · PMC9244680 · PMID 35768100

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

If the AAPC and the corresponding 95% CI are greater than 0, the ASR exhibits an increasing trend; when the AAPC and the corresponding 95% CI are less than 0, the ASR exhibits a descending trend; otherwise, the ASR does not change.

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

Previous studies demonstrated a decreasing trend in the age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) of MSK disorders in high-middle-SDI and high-SDI regions, 15 20 but the age-standardised DALY rate increased as the SDI increased. 11 21 Previous studies suggest that heavy physical labour and an awkward work posture increase the risk of MSK disorders.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.