Differences in cognition, short-chain fatty acids and related metabolites in pregnant versus non-pregnant women: a cross-sectional study.

Among these six, serum levels of acetate, propionate, and isobutyric acid in the pregnant group showed a decreasing trend, and there was a significant difference between acetate and propionate between the two groups ( t = − 2.609 and − 2.172; P = 0.013 and 0.037).

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In the pregnant group, butyrate, isovaleric acid, and valerate showed an increasing trend, and butyrate showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups ( t = 2.195; P = 0.035).

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