Developmental Relations Between Bullying Victimization and Suicidal Ideation in Middle Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: Do Internalizing Problems and Substance Use Mediate Their Links?

Time-Lagged Effects The cross-lagged parameters indicated that age 15 bullying victimization was significantly and positively associated with age 17 suicidal ideation in all tested models ( βs = 0.09–0.10, ps < 0.050), with the exception of models including both anxiety symptoms and alcohol use that showed a marginally significant effect (anxiety symptoms and beer/alcopops model: β = 0.08, p = 0.051; anxiety symptoms and spirits model: β = 0.08, p = 0.055).

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