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Association between perinatal factors and hypospadias in newborns: a retrospective case-control study of 42,244 male infants.

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth · 2022 · PMC9301865 · PMID 35858860

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an increasing trendno p-value reported
The prevalence of hypospadias varies between countries and is estimated to be about 5–50 per 10,000 births, although there is an increasing trend in prevalence [ 1 – 4 ].

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