Leaf trait plasticity and site-specific environmental variability modulate the severity of visible foliar ozone symptoms in Viburnum lantana.

Overall, our data suggest that even in a relatively small plot area (about two ha), site-specific variability may be significant and should be taken into consideration for sampling procedures and characterization of leaf traits under field conditions. 4.2 Ozone-induced VFS in Viburnum lantana are associated with thicker leaves and higher frequency of trichomes with a significant within-plant x environment effect The tropospheric ozone concentrations observed in Trentino for 2020 were in line with those causing VFS in V . lantana [ 19 ].

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