Failure and deformation characteristics of shale subject to true triaxial stress loading and unloading under water retention and seepage.

(ii) in AB, namely t ∈[250, 300], the volume strain of specimen with the extension of time to start showing a decreasing trend, σ 1 of specimen near the peak, due to σ 3 direction continues to uninstall, sample is gradually reduce the peak intensity, and with the increase of σ 1 , the internal fissure development unceasingly, the original sample new fractures appear gradually, which promote the overall expansion deformation of the sample, resulting in the increase of the sample volume in the direction of ε 3 .

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