No evidence of repeated song divergence across multiple urban and non-urban populations of dark-eyed juncos (<i>Junco hyemalis</i>) in Southern California.

15–20 years after colonization for each), we found significant differences in minimum frequency ( p = 0.006; estimate ± 95% CI = −0.04 ± 0.03; d ± 95% CI = 0.62 ± 0.44) and marginally significant differences in maximum frequency ( p = 0.017; estimate ± 95% CI = –0.025 ± 0.02; d ± 95% CI = 0.54 ± 0.44), but not frequency bandwidth ( p = 0.39; estimate ± 95% CI = 0.015 ± 0.03; d ± 95% CI = −0.19 ± 0.44) and not trill rate ( p = 0.45; estimate ± 95% CI = −0.63 ± 1.63; d ± 95% CI = −0.17 ± 0.44).

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