highly significantP < 0.001
However, the main treatment effect was highly significant: the total developmental time was longer with increasing level of predator-induced stress (df = 3, H = 195.48, P < 0.001; Fig. 1 A).
However, the main treatment effect was highly significant: the total developmental time was longer with increasing level of predator-induced stress (df = 3, H = 195.48, P < 0.001; Fig. 1 A).
Although the survival rates of these groups showed a decreasing trend with increasing levels of predator-induced stress, there was no significant difference in immature survival rates among treatments ( χ 2 = 0.01, df = 3, P = 0.997).