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Direct medical costs of young-onset colorectal cancer: a worldwide systematic review.

BMC Health Serv Res · 2022 · PMC9426038 · PMID 36042470

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported
Cost estimates followed a decreasing trend with age, with average-age onset rectal cancer treatment costs ranging from $18,214 to $24,083, $1,620 to $3,290, and $7,311 to $25,450 during the initial, continuing and terminal phases of care, respectively [ 14 ].

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an increasing trendno p-value reported
While the risk of CRC is the highest in developed countries, middle- and low-income countries have also reported an increasing trend in the incidence of CRC, which may be due to the adoption of different lifestyle choices, such as decreased physical activity and diet modifications [ 1 ].

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.