Drought characterization over Indian sub-continent using GRACE-based indices.

rray}{c}\frac{S+1}{\sqrt{V\left(S\right)}}, if\, S<0\\ 0, if\, S=0\\ \frac{S-1}{\sqrt{V\left(S\right)}}, if\, S>0\end{array}\right\}$$\end{document} Z = S + 1 V S , i f S < 0 0 , i f S = 0 S - 1 V S , i f S > 0 A positive Z score represents an increasing trend, whereas a negative Z score represents a decreasing trend.

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The standard normal test statistics Z is given by 11 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$Z=\left\{\begin{array}{c}\frac{S+1}{\sqrt{V\left(S\right)}}, if\, S<0\\ 0, if\, S=0\\ \frac{S-1}{\sqrt{V\left(S\right)}}, if\, S>0\end{array}\right\}$$\end{document} Z = S + 1 V S , i f S < 0 0 , i f S = 0 S - 1 V S , i f S > 0 A positive Z score represents an increasing trend, whereas a negative Z score represents a decreasing trend.

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