Short-term supplementation with ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids modulates primarily mucolytic species from the gut luminal mucin niche in a human fermentation system.

Notably however, as in the lumen niche, Akkermansia and Klebsiella were both increased in response to ω-3 PUFA supplementation, though the latter only modulated in the transverse colon ( p < .05, Wald tests) ( Figure 2d-e ). ω -3 PUFAs cause a highly significant increase of Akkermansia muciniphila together with a decrease of Firmicutes -mucolytic bacteria in gut luminal mucin habitats Mucus, which serves as a fundamental bacterial adhesion niche (for outer mucus-associated microbiota), was present in smaller amounts in the luminal gut habitats (“floating mucin” in luminal microbiota) ( Figure 1a ).

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