This is in contrast with the Delphi study [ 104 ], which provides further extenuating circumstances in which adult consent may be waived, including: if there may be significant benefits for the minor in participating; there is minimal risk associated with the study and other details of the study (e.g., the research topic is of sensitive nature, such as that of familial relationships); the status of the guardian and/or the minor (e.g., the adult themselves are unfit to give informed consent/the minor is evaluated as being cognitively capable); and extenuating circumstances (e.g., participation is a matter of life and death) [ 104 ].
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