Psychostimulants Modafinil, Atomoxetine and Guanfacine Impair Bone Cell Differentiation and MSC Migration.

Compared to the differentiated group without stimulant treatment, the extracellular matrix of hMSCs incubated for 28 days with modafinil ( Figure 2 C), atomoxetine ( Figure 2 D) and guanfacine ( Figure 2 E) displayed a highly significant decreased amount of red calcium nodules under light microscopic evaluation and quantification.

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