PD-1/PD-L1 immune-checkpoint blockade induces immune effector cell modulation in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients: A single-cell flow cytometry approach.

After three treatment courses, we observed a significant decline in CD4 + T cells, B cells, and neutrophils [absolute mean difference (MD) = −4.46%, p-value = 0.0035; MD = −2.5%, p-value = 0.027; and MD = −13.03%, p-value = 0.04, respectively) and a decreasing trend for monocytes (MD = −3.88%, p-value = 0.1).

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