Upregulation of the oestrogen target gene SIX1 is associated with higher growth speed and decreased survival in HCV-positive women with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Levels of expression in non-tumour tissue were not significantly different between males and females while a highly significant, straightforward difference was present in tumour tissue, with females exhibiting the highest levels of expression (P<0.001).

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However, a significantly lower concentration of circulating oestradiol was found in those overexpressing SIX1 (P<0.001 when stratifying by SIX1 median levels, within the female group), while testosterone had higher, although only borderline significant, levels (P=0.069).

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