Stable carbon isotope values of syndepositional carbonate spherules and micrite record spatial and temporal changes in photosynthesis intensity.

The δ 18 O sp time series demonstrates an increasing trend of ~1‰ over the last 1,500 years (Figure 4b ).

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δ 13 C org shows a decreasing trend from 1411 to 974 cal yr BP (from −10.53‰ to −18.26‰), and increases from around 974 cal yr BP to present (from −18.26‰ to −14.25‰).

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