The Potential Benefits and Controversies of Probiotics Use in Patients at Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease.

Nutrients · 2022 · PMC9571670 · PMID 36235699

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borderline significantno p-value reported

found no effect of prebiotic arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS) on the serum levels of PCS, p-cresyl glucuronide (PCG), IS, and phenylacetylglutamine (PAG), and only a borderline significant effect (not adjusted for multi-comparison) on the serum levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) [ 27 ].

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