Salience memories formed by value, novelty and aversiveness jointly shape object responses in the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia.

In monkey R there was also a positive trend toward higher salience for airpuff vs neutral objects that did not reach significance.

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Unlike the airpuff objects, saline and time-out objects had similar salience to neutral objects or even a small trend toward negative salience (less salience than neutral) for the time-out objects using free viewing (Fig. 4c ) and consistently for both monkeys (Supplementary Fig. 6 ).

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