Local Anaesthetic Thoracoscopy for Pleural Effusion-A Narrative Review.

False negative results are often thought to be due to ‘difficult’ LAT, where the amount of fluid might be minimal, the lung might not ‘go down’ at pneumothorax induction resulting in limited views, or where there might be significant loculations or adhesions again limiting access to the parietal pleura or where ‘deep’ (incorporating adipose and muscle tissue) biopsies of the parietal lining were not performed or feasible [ 48 ].

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