highly significantp < 0.0001
Leaf Dip Assay There were no significant differences between insecticide and control treatments at 3 h in the leaf dip assay, although differences were highly significant by 24 h ( p < 0.0001), with mortalities of 70.5% for flupyradifurone and 63.5% for imidacloprid compared to 17.5% for the control ( Figure 3 ).