highly significantp < 0.01
The difference in the use of auxiliaries between the two groups of learners was highly significant (t = 3.576; p < 0.01), as well as in the use of clausal complements ( t = 2.591, p < 0.05), parataxis ( t = 2.672, p < 0.05), and the indirect object ( t = 2.355, p < 0.05).