Wetland characteristics affect abundance and diversity of wintering birds: A case study in South-Western Iran.

Ecol Evol · 2022 · PMC9679241 · PMID 36425910

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0400

closest p · 0.8× alpha

0.0900

boldest claim

The sentences

a decreasing trendp = .04actually significant

The total number of wintering birds (Figure 2a ) showed a decreasing trend ( Z = −1.9, p = .04).

also in 47,180 other papers

a slightly increasing trendp = .09so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

The mean annual temperature (Figure 3a ) showed a slightly increasing trend over the studied period ( Z = 1.0, p = .09).

also in 801 other papers

an increasing trendno p-value reported

Based on this analysis, positive values of Z indicate an increasing trend, while negative Z values indicate decreasing trends in the time series.

also in 63,971 other papers

Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.