R-spondin 3 deletion induces Erk phosphorylation to enhance Wnt signaling and promote bone formation in the appendicular skeleton.

Contrary to expectations, two-way ANOVA analysis of the skeletal phenotype at 6, 12, and 18 wk of age ( Figure 1b , Table 1 , Figure 1—figure supplement 1c , Supplementary file 1 ), revealed highly significant ( P <0.001) anabolic effects of Rspo3 haplo-insufficiency on structural, cellular, and dynamic parameters in both female and male mice.

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